administration Vs. Leadership - An evaluation of Interdependence

administration Vs. Leadership - An evaluation of Interdependence

Managers Limited - administration Vs. Leadership - An evaluation of Interdependence

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Managers Limited

Leadership and supervision have been the focus of study and attention since the dawn of time. Over time leadership and supervision have been seen as isolate entities, but those times have past. It is this paper's intent to prove that good supervision is incumbent upon the success and capability of the leadership that drives it, and by proxy, so too will poor leadership bring poor supervision that will lead to poor results, and decreased levels of success.

From the great minds in supervision theory: Fayol, Taylor, and Weber; homage being paid to Barnard and Mayo, as well as Maslow, Mintzberg, Drucker and Porter; to the great minds in leadership development: Jung, McClelland and Burnham, this paper intends to peruse them all and bring them together as is required in this economy and these times.

Much time, effort, and money has been placed into the study of both supervision and leadership successes. Mintzberg and Drucker have done some of the best and most informative work at bringing supervision and leadership together; now, with the rising costs of overhead and decreasing behalf margins, now is the time to connect the dots, once and for all.

Leadership and supervision have been the focus of study and attention since the dawn of time. Reference biblical scripture that questions the leadership decisions of King David and the managerial prowess of Moses and his exodus to the "Promised Lands" (Cohen, 2007); Plato helped us to manage the Republic while Machiavelli helped us to formulate our idea of what a Prince should recount (Klosko, 1995); Shakespeare questioned Hamlet's decision manufacture (Augustine & Adelman, 1999) and trumpeted Henry Iv's managerial effectiveness (Corrigan, 1999). John Stuart Mill gave us the "shining city upon a hill", while Hegel taught us the "elements of the religious doctrine of right" and Marx taught us how to manage a people in his overly popularized (and oft misunderstood) manifestos (Klosko, 1995). Thomas Payne rewrote leadership to the basic levels of base Sense, while Thomas Jefferson acknowledged that in the supervision of a people, you must remember that "all men are created equal" and that they contend determined degree of"unalienable Rights". Countless others have come to the outside over the span of time, all promoting a new or improved way to both manage and lead their people. (And hopefully yours, too, if you're willing to pay for it.) However, straight through it all, one thing has remained constant; people are not autonomous entities that will retort the same to every situation. people are evolving, thinking, emotionally and socially aware of all that is nearby them; they are motivated straight through different methods and they are driven by differing levels of success (McClelland & Burnham, 1995). Over time, leadership and supervision have been seen as isolate entities, but no more: it is, therefore, this paper's intent to prove that good supervision is incumbent upon the success and capability of the leadership that drives it, and by proxy, so too will poor leadership bring poor supervision that will lead to poor results, and decreased levels of success. In today's fast paced environments, supervision requires leadership; you cannot have one without the other and still attain the success that you desire.

Reference any supervision text or publication and you will inevitably come across the obligatory references to the great minds in supervision theory: Fayol - the first to recognize supervision as a "discipline" to be studied (Brunsson, 2008), Taylor's scientific supervision of market work and workers (Safferstone, 2006), and Weber's bureaucracy; homage must also be paid to Barnard, Kotter, Bennis, and Mayo, as well as Maslow, Mintzberg, Drucker, and Porter (Lamond, 2005). These great minds have helped to forge the way for the supervision field and helped to best supervision teams across the world. The world of "leadership study" carries quite the similar pedigree; ironically, it also carries many of the same names. It is, however, this author's idea that many of the additions to the pool of knowledge on leadership were not made known until the study of science of mind was made more fashionable by the likes of Freud and Jung. Management, it appears, is a tool to best the lowest line and productivity, whereas leadership is one of those studies that is to be improved straight through the person's capability to be in touch with their personality, traits, motives and effects on the human elements of productivity.

There appears be some coincidence in the timing of the juxtaposition of the terms "management" and "leadership" and the correlation to the fact that most literature post 1950 seems to cross pollinate the two phrases. It is quite potential that this, the historical time for post war boom, is where output was at description highs and supervision of output was not as key as the supervision of people perhaps drawn from a public recognition that people were not to be managed, but rather, they were to be valued members of the team, and therefore, to be led - it is speculative, but it appears clear that entering the 1960's, most literature intertwines the "leaders" and the "managers" into the same professional classification.

Carl Jung (1923) posits that people carry exact traits and that those traits cannot be altered. However, much time endeavor and money has been placed into the study of both supervision and leadership traits, tendencies, styles, and successes. Why is this? One belief is that Jung only half analyzes the man and that more than your traits influence your leadership potential (de Charon, 2003). This affords the opening for you to learn skills indispensable to come to be a best leader, even if that means comprehension who you are and what your tendencies are, in order to counteract them. Jung's work with personality traits has come to be the hallmark to virtually every professional development and personal development policy on the market. Jung stipulates that every man has any combination of sixteen different personality types. By definition, knowing these personality types helps you to best negotiate your way straight through the situation in order to attain the maximum output desired (Anastasi, 1998).

Running in concert to Jung's ideas are those of Henry Mintzberg. Mintzberg stipulates that much has changed since Fayol's assessment in 1916; gone are the days when the "picture of a owner was a reflective planner, organizer, leader, and controller" (Pavett & Lau, 1983). Mintzberg breaks the manager's job into ten roles, divided into three areas: interpersonal, informational, and decisional (2004):

Interpersonal Roles
Informational Roles
Decisional Roles
Figurehead
Monitor
Entrepreneur
Leader
Disseminator
Disturbance handler
Liaison
Spokesperson
Resource allocator
Negotiator
(Lussier & Achua, 2007).

Ironically, in today's interpretation of a leader, one would be hard pressed to find a leader whom is unable to do all of the above, and then some. Mintzberg, in later publications, however, goes much additional in his assessment of managers and their roles in the organization. In a collaborative endeavor with Jonathon Gosling, the two rule the five mindsets of a owner (2003). They break the five mindsets into:

1. Managing self: the reflective mindset; where the productive owner is able to reflect upon the history (current and aged) to create a best future involving forward.

2. Managing the organization: the analytical mindset; here referencing a tennis match, where the owner must be cognizant of the crowd and their reaction, but also focusing on the ball itself.

3. Managing context: the worldly mindset; mental globally and looking for the unorthodox solution.

4. Managing relationships: the collaborative mindset; where the owner is able to engage the employees and moves beyond empowerment [which "implies that people who know the work best somehow receive the blessing of their managers to do it (Kibort, 2004)] into commitment.

5. Managing change: the performance mindset; "imagine your assosication as a chariot pulled by wild horses. These horses recount the emotions, aspirations, and motives of all the people in the organization. keeping a steady policy requires just as much skill in steering nearby to a new direction" (Gosling & Mintzberg, 2003, p. 54-63).

Gosling and Mintzberg end with one very involving point. They stipulate that, unlike Pavett & Lau (1983) that good managers are able to look beyond the desire to fix problems with straightforward reorganizations. In fact, they argue that hierarchy plays a very small role in the actual completion of tasks on the unit level and can only lead to more bureaucracy. Which leads one to ask the question: who is to faultless those unit level tasks and solve those problems related with people?

There is no definitive definition of what leadership is, as it appears to convert form and focus for each private study. For the purposes of this paper, however, the definition set forth by Lussier & Achua (2007) seems to fit best: "Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives straight through change" (p.6). How do we correlate leadership and management? The base misconception is that it is something that should be compared "straight up", or "even Steven". Obviously, there are natural leaders and persons in positions of public authority throughout every facility, and yes, it is incumbent upon the managers and leaders to empower those people to maintain the widespread mission. Admittedly, some of these people may never come to be managers, but their role in the premise is of the utmost importance.

However, as managers are an manufactures exact entity, it is ridiculous to try and correlate leadership to supervision outside of the constraint of the supervision role. Recognizing and accepting the constraint of the comparison, it must be acknowledged that in industry, you cannot have good leadership without good management; and in determined juxtaposition, poor leadership leads to poor success rates for the management. It seems apparent that our supervision staffs should combine on growing employees into leaders, to ultimately come to be managers; but if the managers themselves are not leaders yet, then much difficulties will soon befall upon that company. As Peter Drucker will tell you, it is imperative to build a strong supervision team, centered nearby strong leadership. In thinner times, gone are the days of two people for every position. Here are the days when a victorious enterprise is able to box good managerial skills into every leader, and good leadership skills into every manager. Failure to do so will ensue in failure to succeed.

"Drucker devotes indispensable endeavor and space to defining the nature and role of management. This consulation also focuses on the nature and value of leadership in the organization. According to Drucker, leadership gives the assosication meaning, defines and nurtures its central values, creates a sense of mission, and builds the systems and processes that lead to victorious performance" (Wittmeyer, 2003).

References
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leading and succeeding on the enterprise stage. New York, Ny: Hyperion
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Organization, 38(1), 30-47.
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de Charon, Linda. (2003). A transformational leadership development program: Jungian
psychological types in dynamic flux. assosication development Journal, 21(3), 9-18.
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